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station this is houston are you ready

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i am ready for the event

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google zeitgeist this is mission control

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houston please call station for a voice

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i

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an echo but uh not too bad

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well i see you're in the japanese

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laboratory with the little airlock

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behind you

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i actually brought this module up to

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space on my third flight and we're gonna

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line some folks up here at the

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microphones so why don't we start

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getting people up because this is an

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opportunity

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for all of you to ask him some questions

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but i'm going to start off and say just

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feeling pretty good although uh i just

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had an eye exam so my eyes are dilated

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but uh i can't see you guys anyway so it

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doesn't matter i'm just staring into a

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camera but it is kind of bright in here

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and that's why i'm

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i'm uh squinting but uh we had a busy

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day did some medical eye tests and uh

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getting ready for a

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spacewalk next week so we spent a lot of

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and your first question is from

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adam getty

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to keep your brother honest he made a

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promise to you that we'd ask a question

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you've probably never been asked

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so what's the one question you want to

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you know it's interesting i i get a lot

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of the same questions uh over and over

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so i get pretty good at answering those

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and um i had uh

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one space reporter a few months ago

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actually his name is bill harwood he

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asked me

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some uh some tough questions about uh

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you know space policy and the budget and

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funding for commercial crew

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and you know i kind of liked answering

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those questions i can't think of a

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specific one

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that i've never been asked but uh you

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know getting the uh the non-standard

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uh the questions we don't get all the

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time are the ones i kind of enjoy asking

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so so scott the next uh question is

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coming from an army guy

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so i'm going to apologize in advance but

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this is kit parker

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try to use small words so the kelly

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so i think i'm like a lot of people when

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when we're going to unmanned aerial

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vehicles and driverless cars everyone's

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wondering why we're still doing manned

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space flights

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and it i understand that it used to be

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that you could either have an unmanned

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flight or a manned flight but now with

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work that darpa is doing the nih

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the defense reduction agency now we have

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in between

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organs on chips where we can put parts

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of humans made from stem cells that can

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do various physiological functions we

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can take data from them we can make

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cellular computers

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have you ever thought about or is anyone

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discussing the whole idea of exploring

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the in between between a manned space

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flight and an unmanned space flight

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hey scotland

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second i think well actually uh

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the other day and we talked about this

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the other day and what he's referring to

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actually is maybe you send parts of

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people yeah correct organs on ships

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where you have specific parts of a human

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you know i i'd never heard that and uh

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actually i've never uh thought about

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that before it is an interesting uh

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interesting idea you know when people

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talk about the advantages and

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disadvantages of of human space flight

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versus uh robotics you know things that

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are often brought up and i i would agree

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with this and i think the people that do

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a lot of the robotics uh

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science especially on mars will agree

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that uh you know so far humans are able

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to do a lot more work than uh than

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robots now they of course need a lot

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more support and you need to take care

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of them a lot better than you do robots

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but the uh you know the mars rovers that

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have been operating on mars for for well

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over a decade now

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have done

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the amount of science that uh you know a

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few astronauts could have done there in

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a matter of days

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so it's uh

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you know there are there are advantages

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and uh and disadvantages to human

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exploration i think certainly the uh

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you know just the

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the romantic aspect aspect of it the the

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fact that you know people are we are

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naturally naturally explorers

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i think the uh you know the motivation

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that provides for kids and uh you know

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their desire to be educated in the

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science is also a factor with human

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exploration but the question you as ask

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is really a uh you know a great one and

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so he does with scott the next question

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is from alan eustis

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and alan's a google executive who jumped

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from 135 000 feet

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only human i believe to ever survive

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being supersonic in a suit

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um so alan

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go ahead so uh the uh

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i know you do a lot of experiments up

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there and i was curious about the

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experiments that you do do you know what

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the science is behind those experiments

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and what's an experiment that you did

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that surprised you with an outcome in

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zero gravity that

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well alan first of all i'd like to say

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uh you know i was really impressed with

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your your feet and i uh

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i want to challenge you to someday jump

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off the space station and parachute back

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to earth that would be really exciting

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to see so you can put that on your list

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of of things to do

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but uh

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as far as our um

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you know as far as the science we do up

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here and uh

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and knowing um you know what the science

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is and what the the outcomes are

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it just depends there's

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throughout the course of the year i'm

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here there's 400 different

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scientific experiments going on

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you know some of those go on outside the

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space station and are almost completely

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transparent to us for instance my

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brother brought up the

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alpha magnetic spectrometer that's

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looking for dark matter and you know

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anti-matter and trying to figure out

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where you know most of the stuff most of

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the mass in the universe is is coming

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from and that stuff goes from the you

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know the sensor the spectrometer outside

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into the computer in here and uh down to

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the ground for analysis and we have

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almost zero interaction with it although

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on a space walk next week we're going to

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put some insulating blankets on it

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because the cooling system's not

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behaving uh properly

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uh you know that's one extreme the other

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extreme

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is uh you know stuff that we are

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intimately involved in um you know

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which is mostly data collection on

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ourselves like these eye exams i was

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doing uh this week

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um you know as far as how the data uh

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looks and you know what we're learning

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from that

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you know there is there is some

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involvement um you know i get do get

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some feedback but a lot of these things

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like these scans we do we have a uh

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you know this uh laser scanning device

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for our eyes a we have a funda scope we

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have an ultrasound you know all that

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data gets uh sent to the ground and and

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uh gets analyzed over time

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um but but i do have some understanding

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of of what's going on for instance you

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know there has been some changes in my

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my uh you know my eye structure similar

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to what i had last time on my six-month

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flight but there are you know things

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that have happened with my you know my

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op the optic nerve the disc uh

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itself

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um

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and then as far as surprises of uh

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things that that we've learned that i

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didn't expect

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that's a tough question i'll i'll have

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to think about that one some more and uh

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next question

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hi scott josh mcclure air force academy

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96 you're fulfilling a dream of mine and

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many of my friends

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i i'm working for a company called

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health anonymous and we've been talking

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a lot about health here and especially

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public health

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you must have some sort of pathology lab

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or mass spec analysis or something up

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there if you could tell us a little bit

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about the

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the tests that you do

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to monitor your health you must have

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some sort of a personal dashboard health

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dashboard and that's a dream of ours i

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think to get a personal health dashboard

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and periodic testing if you could tell

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us more about that i think everyone

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yeah so we have a lot of

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a lot of devices medical devices like i

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was saying the ultrasound fundoscope a

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laser device for our eyes

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we do

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data collection for science with those

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and then we also do things for our

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periodic

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health assessments but those are pretty

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basic kind of things like uh

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you know taking pictures of our ears we

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do uh vision tests

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um that are

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uh pretty you know fairly benign like

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you might see in uh you know when you go

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into your eye doctor we do tranometry

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which measures the pressure

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in our eye you know we take our our

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blood pressure

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we don't do things like labs we don't do

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blood work up here although the russians

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do have some capability to do some some

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rudimentary stuff but uh you know we do

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take a lot of our own blood

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and uh it we do centrifuge it but it's

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uh you know sent down to the ground for

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analysis and we do that you know when we

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have the opportunity and again that's

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mostly for

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uh scientific purposes and not um health

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monitoring purposes we haven't gotten to

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the point where

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you know we would have a device like

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you're talking about maybe like

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you know i understand that you know the

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apple watch has some health monitoring

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uh

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capability

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you know we we we haven't quite gotten

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there yet we do do uh

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uh this uh vo2 max test so you'll have

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uh you know electrocardiogram on while

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you're doing the

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uh

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our cardiac health

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um

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but uh you know kind of like a personal

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personal dashboard type thing where

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you get a lot of

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maybe real time and continuous

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monitoring of our health we we don't

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i think what happens is they try to get

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him in a pretty good spot before he

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launches and then he's on his own

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so then you know what happens happens in

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a year later you're going to come home

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something gets really bad kidney stone

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have a major issue there's always

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00:11:30,710 --> 00:11:28,240
the option of leaving next question hey

283
00:11:32,870 --> 00:11:30,720
scott jimmy crawford orbital insight so

284
00:11:35,670 --> 00:11:32,880
we had some really interesting yesterday

285
00:11:37,670 --> 00:11:35,680
about north korea and and presentations

286
00:11:40,389 --> 00:11:37,680
from some folks who had grown up there

287
00:11:42,870 --> 00:11:40,399
and then immigrated to the u.s and told

288
00:11:45,910 --> 00:11:42,880
some amazing stories so i'm really

289
00:11:48,069 --> 00:11:45,920
curious from your very perspective do

290
00:11:50,389 --> 00:11:48,079
you see a difference when you look at

291
00:11:52,870 --> 00:11:50,399
north korea versus south korea or the

292
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:52,880
other areas in terms of how developed it

293
00:11:56,389 --> 00:11:54,880
appears from you from the space station

294
00:11:58,389 --> 00:11:56,399
do you see the difference in the

295
00:12:00,069 --> 00:11:58,399
nighttime lights that we see in some of

296
00:12:04,069 --> 00:12:00,079
the satellite pictures with your own

297
00:12:06,150 --> 00:12:05,030
it is

298
00:12:07,350 --> 00:12:06,160
shocking

299
00:12:08,150 --> 00:12:07,360
in

300
00:12:10,550 --> 00:12:08,160
you know

301
00:12:12,870 --> 00:12:10,560
the how the situation is so bleak over

302
00:12:14,470 --> 00:12:12,880
there for those people uh you know from

303
00:12:16,069 --> 00:12:14,480
what we can see here especially with

304
00:12:17,430 --> 00:12:16,079
regards to you know their their

305
00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:17,440
electricity

306
00:12:24,069 --> 00:12:21,200
uh pyongyang uh from space looks like a

307
00:12:25,269 --> 00:12:24,079
little smudge of light a speck in the

308
00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:25,279
ocean

309
00:12:30,389 --> 00:12:29,040
of darkness which is north korea and

310
00:12:33,750 --> 00:12:30,399
you see that

311
00:12:35,509 --> 00:12:33,760
compared to seoul which is uh you know

312
00:12:37,269 --> 00:12:35,519
just to the south

313
00:12:44,710 --> 00:12:37,279
and

314
00:12:46,069 --> 00:12:44,720
sad to see

315
00:12:50,310 --> 00:12:46,079
during the daytime when you look at

316
00:12:52,870 --> 00:12:50,320
north korea surprisingly it's very

317
00:12:53,590 --> 00:12:52,880
the air is doesn't look very clean but

318
00:12:58,949 --> 00:12:53,600
it's

319
00:13:00,790 --> 00:12:58,959
lot of the pollution that just gets

320
00:13:02,949 --> 00:13:00,800
blown over from china

321
00:13:05,750 --> 00:13:02,959
so you know not only do they not have

322
00:13:08,629 --> 00:13:05,760
electricity but they are also uh you

323
00:13:10,710 --> 00:13:08,639
know have you know crappy crappy hair

324
00:13:12,949 --> 00:13:10,720
because of the the pollution that china

325
00:13:15,110 --> 00:13:12,959
generates it's really a you know bad

326
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:15,120
situation all the way around and uh like

327
00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:17,040
i said very shocking to see with your

328
00:13:27,030 --> 00:13:24,949
hi

329
00:13:28,870 --> 00:13:27,040
my name is nickelodemasi i run a public

330
00:13:30,710 --> 00:13:28,880
company that makes games called glue and

331
00:13:32,310 --> 00:13:30,720
i've got a lighthearted question then a

332
00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:32,320
more serious one for you the

333
00:13:36,470 --> 00:13:34,000
lighthearted question is do any of you

334
00:13:37,829 --> 00:13:36,480
actually kill time by playing games on

335
00:13:39,430 --> 00:13:37,839
the space station

336
00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:39,440
and the more serious one is do you think

337
00:13:43,670 --> 00:13:40,800
a round trip

338
00:13:45,509 --> 00:13:43,680
to mars will lead to any permanent

339
00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:45,519
physical side effects or will it be

340
00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:47,360
something that can be sustainably

341
00:13:57,990 --> 00:13:55,829
so um

342
00:13:59,750 --> 00:13:58,000
none of the crew members up here now

343
00:14:02,949 --> 00:13:59,760
play any kind of games i know we've had

344
00:14:04,949 --> 00:14:02,959
people in the past play electronic chess

345
00:14:07,110 --> 00:14:04,959
with people on the ground we don't have

346
00:14:09,509 --> 00:14:07,120
any uh we we do have the capability you

347
00:14:12,150 --> 00:14:09,519
know with our laptops to have some

348
00:14:13,910 --> 00:14:12,160
some video games we have

349
00:14:16,310 --> 00:14:13,920
you know we have ipads and i'm sure

350
00:14:18,069 --> 00:14:16,320
there's some games on here we actually

351
00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:18,079
use google for

352
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:19,120
our

353
00:14:25,350 --> 00:14:23,600
and uh

354
00:14:27,670 --> 00:14:25,360
and there are games on there but i

355
00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:27,680
personally don't plan we're really

356
00:14:31,910 --> 00:14:30,240
really busy up here

357
00:14:33,910 --> 00:14:31,920
and there's very

358
00:14:35,110 --> 00:14:33,920
very little spare time in the spare time

359
00:14:37,430 --> 00:14:35,120
i do have i

360
00:14:39,750 --> 00:14:37,440
generally you know look out the window

361
00:14:41,110 --> 00:14:39,760
to take pictures of the earth or

362
00:14:43,110 --> 00:14:41,120
you know watch a

363
00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:43,120
movie or some sports or something or

364
00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:44,560
read and

365
00:14:48,710 --> 00:14:46,480
also we spend a lot of time on email and

366
00:14:51,269 --> 00:14:48,720
on the phone

367
00:14:54,470 --> 00:14:51,279
as far as the round trip to to mars

368
00:14:56,470 --> 00:14:54,480
question and doing it multiple times

369
00:14:58,389 --> 00:14:56,480
you know there are some challenges to

370
00:15:00,949 --> 00:14:58,399
going to mars i think they're not

371
00:15:03,269 --> 00:15:00,959
things we can't overcome but you know

372
00:15:06,550 --> 00:15:03,279
one of the big ones is radiation

373
00:15:08,550 --> 00:15:06,560
and you know on my first flight

374
00:15:10,550 --> 00:15:08,560
which was to the hubble space telescope

375
00:15:12,629 --> 00:15:10,560
which was about twice the altitude we're

376
00:15:14,310 --> 00:15:12,639
at now

377
00:15:15,189 --> 00:15:14,320
in seven days

378
00:15:33,110 --> 00:15:15,199
i

379
00:15:37,110 --> 00:15:33,120
my

380
00:15:39,269 --> 00:15:37,120
lifetime radiation that i'll get

381
00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:39,279
over the course of being in space for

382
00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:41,920
500 days mostly at this altitude

383
00:15:46,710 --> 00:15:43,920
protected by the magnetic field of the

384
00:15:47,829 --> 00:15:46,720
earth and the earth's atmosphere will

385
00:15:51,590 --> 00:15:47,839
give me a

386
00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:51,600
one percent chance of dying of

387
00:15:56,310 --> 00:15:53,920
cancer as a result of that radiation

388
00:15:58,230 --> 00:15:56,320
exposure so someone going to mars is

389
00:15:59,829 --> 00:15:58,240
going to have you know 10

390
00:16:01,990 --> 00:15:59,839
20 chance

391
00:16:04,310 --> 00:16:02,000
and you know to

392
00:16:06,790 --> 00:16:04,320
do multiple trips you would uh you know

393
00:16:09,350 --> 00:16:06,800
without finding a very uh

394
00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:09,360
practical and very uh

395
00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:10,320
um

396
00:16:14,069 --> 00:16:12,160
you know efficient a good way to protect

397
00:16:16,550 --> 00:16:14,079
them from the radiation is gonna have uh

398
00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:16,560
you know there's significant radiation

399
00:16:19,749 --> 00:16:17,920
effects that we're gonna have to deal

400
00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:19,759
with that i think uh

401
00:16:23,749 --> 00:16:22,240
you know is possible but you know

402
00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:23,759
something that needs definitely needs

403
00:16:32,550 --> 00:16:29,590
scott i'm going to jump in here for a

404
00:16:33,509 --> 00:16:32,560
second so as the american who has now

405
00:16:35,910 --> 00:16:33,519
spent

406
00:16:38,710 --> 00:16:35,920
the most time in space

407
00:16:41,030 --> 00:16:38,720
what do you think about the prospect of

408
00:16:42,790 --> 00:16:41,040
somebody not necessarily you

409
00:16:45,910 --> 00:16:42,800
but as an individual

410
00:16:48,069 --> 00:16:45,920
making a one-way trip to mars with the

411
00:16:50,230 --> 00:16:48,079
plan of living in that harsh environment

412
00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:50,240
and never having the opportunity to go

413
00:16:58,629 --> 00:16:56,550
so you know and

414
00:16:59,829 --> 00:16:58,639
you know if i was a little younger um

415
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:59,839
you know i

416
00:17:03,509 --> 00:17:01,440
and it was

417
00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:03,519
something that would uh

418
00:17:07,029 --> 00:17:05,360
you know worked out for me and you know

419
00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:07,039
eventually someone's going to go to mars

420
00:17:09,990 --> 00:17:08,160
i would

421
00:17:11,829 --> 00:17:10,000
definitely love to

422
00:17:13,510 --> 00:17:11,839
be part of that mission would be a

423
00:17:16,230 --> 00:17:13,520
volunteer would be willing to do it i

424
00:17:18,390 --> 00:17:16,240
would not be willing to go on a

425
00:17:20,870 --> 00:17:18,400
you know a one-way trip

426
00:17:22,949 --> 00:17:20,880
to a uh you know a destination where you

427
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:22,959
are gonna spend the rest of your life in

428
00:17:27,829 --> 00:17:25,760
a uh you know in a closed environment or

429
00:17:29,270 --> 00:17:27,839
in a uh you know a spacesuit when you go

430
00:17:31,430 --> 00:17:29,280
outside

431
00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:31,440
besides you know having been up here now

432
00:17:35,350 --> 00:17:33,600
for over 200 days

433
00:17:37,190 --> 00:17:35,360
you know besides the personal connection

434
00:17:39,830 --> 00:17:37,200
you miss with people on earth the next

435
00:17:40,870 --> 00:17:39,840
thing i miss is going outside the

436
00:17:43,350 --> 00:17:40,880
freedom

437
00:17:45,350 --> 00:17:43,360
to uh you know walk out my front door

438
00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:45,360
feel the sun on my face

439
00:17:50,789 --> 00:17:47,440
you know the wind at my back

440
00:17:52,870 --> 00:17:50,799
uh you know put my feet in the grass

441
00:17:54,549 --> 00:17:52,880
you know those kind of things

442
00:17:56,549 --> 00:17:54,559
is something that

443
00:17:58,390 --> 00:17:56,559
i definitely would not want to

444
00:18:00,549 --> 00:17:58,400
live the rest of my life with you know i

445
00:18:03,510 --> 00:18:00,559
could without i could do it for maybe a

446
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:03,520
few years but um you know i would never

447
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:12,070
uh hi scott my name is louis cole i run

448
00:18:16,390 --> 00:18:14,080
a popular travel adventure daily

449
00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:16,400
vlogging channel on youtube i actually

450
00:18:20,950 --> 00:18:18,640
uh spoke to you well via like a video

451
00:18:22,789 --> 00:18:20,960
message earlier in the year in may nasa

452
00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:22,799
approached a few vloggers

453
00:18:26,470 --> 00:18:24,240
it was hosted on the nasa website i

454
00:18:29,110 --> 00:18:26,480
don't know if you remember but it's uh

455
00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:29,120
it's an honor to actually have a live

456
00:18:35,029 --> 00:18:32,240
uh chat with you now um my question is

457
00:18:37,909 --> 00:18:35,039
um i imagine the thought of returning

458
00:18:40,630 --> 00:18:37,919
when you do back to earth um there's a

459
00:18:41,909 --> 00:18:40,640
lot of positives and is exciting and i'm

460
00:18:44,310 --> 00:18:41,919
sure you're looking forward to it but is

461
00:18:46,950 --> 00:18:44,320
there anything that you fear on uh maybe

462
00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:46,960
psychological or health or

463
00:18:54,310 --> 00:18:48,400
you know is there anything you fear

464
00:18:58,310 --> 00:18:55,990
that's an interesting point you know i

465
00:19:00,470 --> 00:18:58,320
just started thinking about coming back

466
00:19:02,710 --> 00:19:00,480
recently i tried not to you know for a

467
00:19:05,430 --> 00:19:02,720
long time and uh

468
00:19:07,669 --> 00:19:05,440
you know it's you know people uh

469
00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:07,679
that have been in situations uh you know

470
00:19:11,590 --> 00:19:10,000
where they can't go home have given me

471
00:19:13,909 --> 00:19:11,600
the advice that you know you don't want

472
00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:13,919
to count down you want to count up

473
00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:16,880
the number of days but it has entered my

474
00:19:19,990 --> 00:19:18,400
mind and i think

475
00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:20,000
you know i've been here over 200 days

476
00:19:23,510 --> 00:19:21,520
and it seems like i've been here a

477
00:19:25,110 --> 00:19:23,520
really long time it's almost like i feel

478
00:19:26,070 --> 00:19:25,120
like i've forgotten

479
00:19:28,470 --> 00:19:26,080
uh

480
00:19:31,590 --> 00:19:28,480
what it's like to live on earth

481
00:19:33,350 --> 00:19:31,600
and i um you know

482
00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:33,360
i do

483
00:19:38,870 --> 00:19:36,000
feel a little bit apprehension of you

484
00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:38,880
know what it will be like to get

485
00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:41,679
adjusted even though i really look

486
00:19:46,630 --> 00:19:44,400
forward to it and uh but i think there

487
00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:46,640
is some uh there will be an adjustment

488
00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:48,480
period and it does give me a little bit

489
00:19:53,669 --> 00:19:51,120
of an apprehension for what that will be

490
00:19:57,110 --> 00:19:53,679
like the last time i flew a long

491
00:19:59,110 --> 00:19:57,120
duration flight it was 159 days

492
00:20:01,029 --> 00:19:59,120
about six months and it took me about

493
00:20:03,350 --> 00:20:01,039
six months to feel back to normal

494
00:20:05,110 --> 00:20:03,360
getting back into the routine of

495
00:20:07,029 --> 00:20:05,120
of a

496
00:20:08,789 --> 00:20:07,039
you know your daily life where it's kind

497
00:20:10,789 --> 00:20:08,799
of up to you to decide what you're going

498
00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:10,799
to do and we have this we have this

499
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:12,640
timeline here with a

500
00:20:16,789 --> 00:20:15,280
with a you know line marching across the

501
00:20:19,029 --> 00:20:16,799
screen and it shows us what we're going

502
00:20:21,350 --> 00:20:19,039
to do in like five minute blocks you

503
00:20:23,110 --> 00:20:21,360
know some of the activities are much

504
00:20:24,710 --> 00:20:23,120
longer than that but you know it's

505
00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:24,720
basically telling you what to do all the

506
00:20:28,789 --> 00:20:27,280
time and then you get home and you know

507
00:20:30,710 --> 00:20:28,799
you don't have this i think in a lot of

508
00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:30,720
ways it might be like you know how

509
00:20:35,590 --> 00:20:33,280
someone who's coming out of prison has a

510
00:20:37,110 --> 00:20:35,600
uh you know an adjustment period and in

511
00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:37,120
some ways they're more comfortable in

512
00:20:41,270 --> 00:20:38,480
prison because

513
00:20:43,350 --> 00:20:41,280
they're uh you know their life is so uh

514
00:20:44,950 --> 00:20:43,360
you know regimented and they they've

515
00:20:46,310 --> 00:20:44,960
gotten used to it so

516
00:20:47,350 --> 00:20:46,320
um you know i'm not worried about the

517
00:20:49,590 --> 00:20:47,360
physical

518
00:20:51,110 --> 00:20:49,600
uh part of that but i am starting to

519
00:20:53,669 --> 00:20:51,120
think a little bit about you know

520
00:20:55,029 --> 00:20:53,679
psychologically what it'll be like

521
00:20:56,710 --> 00:20:55,039
leaving

522
00:21:01,029 --> 00:20:56,720
this environment and going back to one

523
00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:03,110
taylor

524
00:21:11,190 --> 00:21:08,480
to ask a little bit about the radiation

525
00:21:13,669 --> 00:21:11,200
environment on the iss i know it's low

526
00:21:16,149 --> 00:21:13,679
earth orbit and you're shielded by the

527
00:21:18,149 --> 00:21:16,159
earth's magnetic field but do you have a

528
00:21:20,230 --> 00:21:18,159
shielded section or semi-shielded

529
00:21:21,270 --> 00:21:20,240
section and what are kind of the dose

530
00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:21,280
production

531
00:21:25,350 --> 00:21:23,360
predictions over your your mission that

532
00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:25,360
was the first question if i can ask the

533
00:21:29,750 --> 00:21:27,760
second one if it would be

534
00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:29,760
what are some of the experiments you're

535
00:21:35,510 --> 00:21:32,400
working on right now as part of the

536
00:21:40,870 --> 00:21:35,520
iss national laboratory system and maybe

537
00:21:45,909 --> 00:21:42,549
yeah so

538
00:21:47,909 --> 00:21:45,919
there are certain areas that

539
00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:47,919
the only areas that are actually you

540
00:21:53,750 --> 00:21:50,480
know were shielded by design

541
00:21:55,750 --> 00:21:53,760
our our crew quarters have some uh

542
00:21:57,029 --> 00:21:55,760
special we call them bricks but they're

543
00:21:59,510 --> 00:21:57,039
radiation

544
00:22:01,510 --> 00:21:59,520
absorbent material in them to give us

545
00:22:02,789 --> 00:22:01,520
more radiation protection while we're

546
00:22:04,789 --> 00:22:02,799
sleeping and

547
00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:04,799
one of the crew quarters that

548
00:22:08,070 --> 00:22:06,960
the russian guys stay in doesn't have

549
00:22:09,750 --> 00:22:08,080
those

550
00:22:11,110 --> 00:22:09,760
so that person actually gets a lot more

551
00:22:13,190 --> 00:22:11,120
radiation than the guy that's just

552
00:22:15,270 --> 00:22:13,200
sleeping across the hall from them

553
00:22:16,789 --> 00:22:15,280
don't ask me why it's like that but it

554
00:22:18,310 --> 00:22:16,799
is

555
00:22:19,750 --> 00:22:18,320
and you can see it in some of their

556
00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:19,760
radiation monitors they have these

557
00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:20,640
certain

558
00:22:25,029 --> 00:22:22,799
monitoring devices that's like a gel and

559
00:22:27,190 --> 00:22:25,039
you could see these specs that are where

560
00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:27,200
this gel got

561
00:22:30,870 --> 00:22:29,120
radiated

562
00:22:33,750 --> 00:22:30,880
and if you're the guy that lives without

563
00:22:35,830 --> 00:22:33,760
them you can see what your gel is

564
00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:35,840
getting along with the gel in the test

565
00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:37,840
tube

566
00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:38,559
so

567
00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:42,320
the the dosage we get um

568
00:22:46,149 --> 00:22:43,440
i'm trying to

569
00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:46,159
recall what the units are

570
00:22:49,350 --> 00:22:48,480
um

571
00:22:50,870 --> 00:22:49,360
i'm

572
00:22:53,110 --> 00:22:50,880
i don't want to be wrong but i was

573
00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:53,120
thinking miller ram perhaps and you can

574
00:22:58,630 --> 00:22:56,559
correct me if i'm if i'm uh kind of

575
00:22:59,750 --> 00:22:58,640
completely out to lunch there

576
00:23:03,029 --> 00:22:59,760
but uh

577
00:23:05,510 --> 00:23:03,039
i think over the course of the six

578
00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:05,520
months i've been here or seven months so

579
00:23:13,029 --> 00:23:10,960
far i've gotten about uh 50 to 60 and

580
00:23:15,990 --> 00:23:13,039
correct me if i'm wrong on the units

581
00:23:28,149 --> 00:23:18,549
no i think it's miller and so yeah

582
00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:31,270
and the second part of your question um

583
00:23:39,750 --> 00:23:37,430
a few months ago seems like you know an

584
00:23:40,950 --> 00:23:39,760
eternity ago we did a lot of experiments

585
00:23:44,149 --> 00:23:40,960
with uh

586
00:23:45,510 --> 00:23:44,159
with some rodents mice and uh some of

587
00:23:49,029 --> 00:23:45,520
those rodents

588
00:23:51,909 --> 00:23:49,039
were national laboratory rodents and uh

589
00:23:54,070 --> 00:23:51,919
you know we used to we dissect dissected

590
00:23:56,549 --> 00:23:54,080
them you euthanized them dissected them

591
00:23:58,630 --> 00:23:56,559
and you know removed their organs

592
00:24:00,549 --> 00:23:58,640
uh some of the stuff uh some of their

593
00:24:02,549 --> 00:24:00,559
bones we x-rayed up here while they were

594
00:24:04,870 --> 00:24:02,559
still alive see what kind of bone loss

595
00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:04,880
they were experiencing and then you know

596
00:24:09,029 --> 00:24:06,640
we're sending um

597
00:24:10,870 --> 00:24:09,039
you know samples back to the back to

598
00:24:13,350 --> 00:24:10,880
earth you know some of those are for a

599
00:24:15,590 --> 00:24:13,360
biotech company some of the research the

600
00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:15,600
national laboratory research was and

601
00:24:20,390 --> 00:24:18,480
some of its nasa research more uh you

602
00:24:22,789 --> 00:24:20,400
know dedicated to understanding you know

603
00:24:25,750 --> 00:24:22,799
what happens to us in this environment

604
00:24:28,230 --> 00:24:25,760
for ex exploration purposes versus the

605
00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:28,240
national lab that's more about improving

606
00:24:34,470 --> 00:24:30,320
you know health on earth and and for the

607
00:24:41,269 --> 00:24:35,750
meredith

608
00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:41,279
i've always wanted to go to space and i

609
00:24:47,190 --> 00:24:44,480
will hopefully before i die

610
00:24:49,190 --> 00:24:47,200
so uh mike i also have two questions

611
00:24:50,950 --> 00:24:49,200
really quickly um do you think that

612
00:24:53,029 --> 00:24:50,960
prolonged periods of time in zero

613
00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:53,039
gravity um you know many years is

614
00:24:57,110 --> 00:24:54,880
something that humans could get used to

615
00:24:58,710 --> 00:24:57,120
or do you think that if we actually end

616
00:25:00,390 --> 00:24:58,720
up living in

617
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:00,400
actual outer space

618
00:25:05,430 --> 00:25:02,880
uh we'll need to simulate gravity by

619
00:25:07,669 --> 00:25:05,440
spinning the spacecraft and and why

620
00:25:09,190 --> 00:25:07,679
don't you guys spin this the spacecraft

621
00:25:10,710 --> 00:25:09,200
at all you know just to give you guys a

622
00:25:13,029 --> 00:25:10,720
break every now and then and then my

623
00:25:14,789 --> 00:25:13,039
second question is um

624
00:25:17,269 --> 00:25:14,799
how has being

625
00:25:18,950 --> 00:25:17,279
sorry um

626
00:25:19,990 --> 00:25:18,960
not that kind of spinning you know what

627
00:25:21,350 --> 00:25:20,000
i mean

628
00:25:22,950 --> 00:25:21,360
um

629
00:25:24,950 --> 00:25:22,960
how is being in space for such a long

630
00:25:29,269 --> 00:25:24,960
period of time change your perspective

631
00:25:34,390 --> 00:25:31,909
yeah so that's a few questions and if i

632
00:25:35,510 --> 00:25:34,400
if i don't hit them all just just ask me

633
00:25:36,710 --> 00:25:35,520
again but

634
00:25:38,549 --> 00:25:36,720
um

635
00:25:40,230 --> 00:25:38,559
you know we've talked about that it

636
00:25:43,269 --> 00:25:40,240
would be more

637
00:25:44,470 --> 00:25:43,279
convenient and more efficient to have

638
00:25:46,549 --> 00:25:44,480
gravity

639
00:25:47,830 --> 00:25:46,559
up here um

640
00:25:49,590 --> 00:25:47,840
you know

641
00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:49,600
so many things that you do become so

642
00:25:54,149 --> 00:25:51,600
much more complicated because you can't

643
00:25:56,310 --> 00:25:54,159
put anything down you got a velcro stuff

644
00:25:58,149 --> 00:25:56,320
to the wall you lose things you know

645
00:25:59,669 --> 00:25:58,159
things float away from you although you

646
00:26:00,630 --> 00:25:59,679
get better at it

647
00:26:03,110 --> 00:26:00,640
um

648
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:03,120
you know it's it's uh you know something

649
00:26:06,630 --> 00:26:04,000
that

650
00:26:09,029 --> 00:26:06,640
you just have to learn to manage

651
00:26:10,390 --> 00:26:09,039
and you know a little bit of gravity not

652
00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:10,400
earth's gravity but a little bit of

653
00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:13,760
gravity you know keeping stuff um

654
00:26:19,110 --> 00:26:16,080
where it needs to be would go a long way

655
00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:19,120
you know the systems could be designed

656
00:26:24,710 --> 00:26:21,840
more easily perhaps with

657
00:26:26,950 --> 00:26:24,720
with some gravity why don't we do that

658
00:26:29,110 --> 00:26:26,960
up here i think it's just the you know

659
00:26:31,350 --> 00:26:29,120
the engineering complexity of it and the

660
00:26:34,149 --> 00:26:31,360
fact that

661
00:26:36,310 --> 00:26:34,159
just making things more convenient for

662
00:26:38,710 --> 00:26:36,320
a space station like this is probably

663
00:26:41,110 --> 00:26:38,720
not a good reason with regards to maybe

664
00:26:43,269 --> 00:26:41,120
the cost that it would uh

665
00:26:45,909 --> 00:26:43,279
take to do that which i'm not

666
00:26:48,230 --> 00:26:45,919
sure what that is

667
00:26:50,950 --> 00:26:48,240
as far as us physically

668
00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:50,960
you do get used to living up here and

669
00:26:55,029 --> 00:26:52,880
you know sometimes i think i feel

670
00:26:57,750 --> 00:26:55,039
completely normal but then the next day

671
00:27:00,470 --> 00:26:57,760
i think you know i don't you know i

672
00:27:03,269 --> 00:27:00,480
still feel some uh stuffiness and

673
00:27:05,029 --> 00:27:03,279
swelling in my head at times your

674
00:27:07,269 --> 00:27:05,039
digestive system

675
00:27:09,350 --> 00:27:07,279
you know some days it feels okay and

676
00:27:12,149 --> 00:27:09,360
other days not you know gravity is very

677
00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:12,159
important for how it not only

678
00:27:18,070 --> 00:27:15,520
you know allows us to to keep things

679
00:27:21,269 --> 00:27:18,080
where where they need to stay but also

680
00:27:22,149 --> 00:27:21,279
push things where they don't need to be

681
00:27:23,029 --> 00:27:22,159
so

682
00:27:24,230 --> 00:27:23,039
um

683
00:27:25,830 --> 00:27:24,240
and

684
00:27:27,590 --> 00:27:25,840
could you live like that for a long

685
00:27:30,470 --> 00:27:27,600
period of time yes would you like to

686
00:27:32,789 --> 00:27:30,480
live like that for a long period of time

687
00:27:34,470 --> 00:27:32,799
um like years

688
00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:34,480
you know maybe not it's probably

689
00:27:46,950 --> 00:27:36,000
somewhat

690
00:27:52,149 --> 00:27:49,830
uh why is it so complex to uh to spin

691
00:27:53,350 --> 00:27:52,159
the capsule in space because you know

692
00:27:54,950 --> 00:27:53,360
my understanding is that you know if

693
00:27:56,470 --> 00:27:54,960
there's no friction in space and if you

694
00:27:59,190 --> 00:27:56,480
just kind of give it that initial push

695
00:28:01,269 --> 00:27:59,200
it'll just keep spinning

696
00:28:03,110 --> 00:28:01,279
right

697
00:28:04,789 --> 00:28:03,120
well it would yeah that's true but it

698
00:28:07,110 --> 00:28:04,799
would definitely it would definitely

699
00:28:08,549 --> 00:28:07,120
affect the uh you know the usable volume

700
00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:08,559
of the spacecraft i think you'd need a

701
00:28:13,029 --> 00:28:10,640
really big moment arm or you're going to

702
00:28:15,669 --> 00:28:13,039
have a pretty big gravity gradient like

703
00:28:18,310 --> 00:28:15,679
if i you know if i spin my body i might

704
00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:18,320
have you know a lot more gravity at my

705
00:28:22,149 --> 00:28:20,240
head than i will right right in the

706
00:28:24,710 --> 00:28:22,159
middle so

707
00:28:27,669 --> 00:28:24,720
i think for that to be

708
00:28:30,950 --> 00:28:27,679
to be a usable uh

709
00:28:34,149 --> 00:28:30,960
solution it would take a very large uh

710
00:28:36,710 --> 00:28:34,159
spacecraft to then you know have that

711
00:28:38,149 --> 00:28:36,720
usable volume um

712
00:28:40,630 --> 00:28:38,159
but you know this is just me thinking

713
00:28:42,230 --> 00:28:40,640
off the top of my head to answer your

714
00:28:43,590 --> 00:28:42,240
question maybe

715
00:28:46,149 --> 00:28:43,600
you know maybe my answer is wrong and

716
00:28:48,470 --> 00:28:46,159
maybe you could spin this space station

717
00:28:49,830 --> 00:28:48,480
and uh you know at this end let's say

718
00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:49,840
you know this would this is the

719
00:28:52,710 --> 00:28:52,000
longitudinal axis of the space station

720
00:28:54,789 --> 00:28:52,720
so

721
00:28:56,789 --> 00:28:54,799
you know about uh

722
00:28:59,909 --> 00:28:56,799
you know 100 uh

723
00:29:01,830 --> 00:28:59,919
probably about 150 feet down this

724
00:29:03,909 --> 00:29:01,840
in this direction is the russian segment

725
00:29:05,909 --> 00:29:03,919
so if we spun it around the space

726
00:29:07,830 --> 00:29:05,919
station around the center of gravity i

727
00:29:09,669 --> 00:29:07,840
could you know be walking

728
00:29:12,070 --> 00:29:09,679
you know on this wall with a little bit

729
00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:12,080
of gravity but uh you know halfway

730
00:29:16,710 --> 00:29:13,760
towards the russian segment we'd be

731
00:29:19,110 --> 00:29:16,720
completely floating

732
00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:19,120
maybe that's a practical

733
00:29:22,950 --> 00:29:21,360
thing to do it's uh

734
00:29:25,590 --> 00:29:22,960
i think something that

735
00:29:27,430 --> 00:29:25,600
nasa hasn't really

736
00:29:30,470 --> 00:29:27,440
considered because

737
00:29:32,549 --> 00:29:30,480
it hasn't hasn't been required for us to

738
00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:32,559
do our mission

739
00:29:36,230 --> 00:29:34,320
but it's you know it's definitely a good

740
00:29:37,590 --> 00:29:36,240
good idea and

741
00:29:39,990 --> 00:29:37,600
you know i think if people lived in

742
00:29:42,310 --> 00:29:40,000
space for a really long period of time

743
00:29:44,549 --> 00:29:42,320
it's uh definitely is something that

744
00:29:46,230 --> 00:29:44,559
would be more than just a nice to have i

745
00:29:48,149 --> 00:29:46,240
think it'd be almost be you know a

746
00:29:51,430 --> 00:29:48,159
requirement if you were gonna

747
00:29:53,990 --> 00:29:51,440
you know go on a a mission for you know

748
00:29:56,789 --> 00:29:54,000
a number of years or you know live in

749
00:29:58,070 --> 00:29:56,799
space permanently

750
00:30:00,310 --> 00:29:58,080
hey scott we're going to lose you in

751
00:30:02,630 --> 00:30:00,320
about 10 seconds i want to thank you for

752
00:30:12,870 --> 00:30:02,640
your time i know you got a lot to do but

753
00:30:15,669 --> 00:30:14,870
well it's my pleasure and uh hope you

754
00:30:17,269 --> 00:30:15,679
guys

755
00:30:18,710 --> 00:30:17,279
everyone continues to enjoy the

756
00:30:19,909 --> 00:30:18,720
conference there

757
00:30:22,710 --> 00:30:19,919
thanks for joining me on the space